OAS Clawback 2025: What You Need to Know

The Old Age Security (OAS) program is one of Canada’s cornerstones for supporting retirees and seniors, providing a monthly pension to Canadians over the age of 65. However, not everyone is aware of its clawback mechanism, which can reduce the benefit amount based on individual income levels. As we approach 2025, understanding the nuances of this program is crucial for financial planning. Here’s what you need to know about the OAS Clawback for 2025.

What is the OAS Clawback?

The OAS Clawback, officially known as the OAS Recovery Tax, is a mechanism that requires high-income seniors to repay part or all of their OAS benefits. It is designed to ensure that the program remains sustainable and benefits those who need it most. The clawback thresholds and rates are adjusted annually based on inflation rates and other economic factors.

The Canada Revenue Agency recently reported the clawback threshold for 2025 is $93,454. This is up from the 2024 threshold of $90,997.

Each year, the government assesses your income to determine the clawback amount for the following year. For the 2025 clawback, they will review your earnings from 2024.

Purpose of the Clawback Mechanism

The clawback mechanism is designed to ensure that Old Age Security benefits are targeted towards seniors who are more in need. It reduces the OAS benefits for individuals whose net income exceeds a certain threshold. If a senior’s income is above this threshold, the government reduces their OAS payment by a certain percentage for each dollar above this limit. The clawback ensures more equitable distribution and sustainability of the funds by redistributing benefits away from higher-income seniors.

How Does the Clawback Work?

Here’s an example of how the Old Age Security (OAS) clawback works in Canada for 2024-2025.

Example Scenario

OAS Clawback Threshold for 2024 Income: $90,997
OAS Maximum Annual Benefit (2024-2025): $8,400 (approximate)
Clawback Rate: 15% of net income exceeding the threshold

Example Calculation

Let’s say John is a Canadian retiree with a net income of $100,000 in 2024.

Determine Excess Income
- $100,000 (John’s net income)
- Minus $90,997 (OAS clawback threshold)
- Excess Income: $9,003
Calculate Clawback Amount
- Clawback Rate = 15% of excess income
- $9,003 × 15% = $1,350.45
Determine John’s Adjusted OAS Payment
- Full OAS Benefit: $8,400
- Minus Clawback: $1,350.45
- Revised OAS Payment: $7,049.55

Since John’s income exceeds the threshold, his OAS is reduced by $1,350.45 in the following year (2025). If his income were above $148,000 (full clawback limit for 2024), his OAS benefit would be eliminated entirely.

Overview of Eligibility for Old Age Security (OAS)

Eligibility for the Old Age Security (OAS) pension in Canada generally includes the following criteria:

Age: You must be 65 years or older.
Status: You must be a Canadian citizen or a legal resident.
Residency Requirement:
1. If you have lived in Canada for at least 40 years since the age of 18, you may qualify for a full OAS pension.
2. If you have less than 40 years but at least 10 years of residency, you might qualify for a partial pension.
Application: You must apply to receive the OAS pension; it is not automatically granted.
Additional Considerations: There are special provisions for those who have lived or worked in countries that have social security agreements with Canada.

Impact of Income Types on the Clawback

Employment and Self-Employment Income: Any earnings from employment contribute directly to your net income, potentially leading to an OAS clawback if they exceed the threshold.
Pension Income: Employer pensions and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs) similarly increase your net income, impacting OAS payments.
Investment Income: Dividends, interest, and capital gains can elevate your total income, thus affecting the OAS clawback.
Tax-Exempt Income: Tax-free sources, like income from a Tax-Free Savings Account (TFSA), do not count toward the OAS clawback.

Planning Around the OAS Clawback

For those hovering near the threshold, strategic financial planning can minimize or even eliminate the clawback. Here are several strategies to consider:

1. Income Splitting

For married or common-law couples, income splitting can be an effective strategy to minimize the OAS clawback. By transferring up to 50% of eligible pension income to a lower-income spouse, couples can reduce the taxable income of the higher-earning partner. This not only potentially lowers the marginal tax bracket for the couple but can also bring individual incomes below the OAS clawback threshold, effectively minimizing the recovery tax impact.

2. Deferring OAS

Choosing to defer the receipt of OAS benefits can be beneficial for those who anticipate higher income post-retirement. By delaying OAS from age 65, individuals can increase their monthly benefits by 0.6% for each month deferred, up to a total increase of 36% if postponed until age 70. This approach not only enhances the future OAS payout but also can allow time for income fluctuations to stabilize, potentially decreasing exposure to the clawback during high-income years shortly after retirement.

3. RRSP Withdrawals

Careful planning of RRSP to RRIF conversions and subsequent withdrawals is crucial. Drawing down RRSPs before the initiation of OAS or in years of lower income can help manage the taxable income effectively. By spreading withdrawals over several years or timing them to avoid overlapping with higher-income years, retirees can mitigate the overlap with the OAS clawback threshold.

4. Investment Strategies

Engaging in tax-efficient investing is pivotal. By prioritizing contributions to Tax-Free Savings Accounts (TFSAs) over taxable accounts, investors can grow their savings without affecting their reportable income. Since TFSA withdrawals do not count as taxable income, they do not influence the OAS clawback calculation, thus providing a means to access funds without raising net income levels. Additionally, strategies involving tax-deferred growth or investments that yield non-taxable or tax-advantaged returns can also help in keeping income effectively below the clawback threshold.

FAQs

What is the OAS clawback threshold for 2025?