Top Biotech Stocks in Canada of 2025

Biotech stocks are companies that use living organisms to make drugs and vaccines. Often, they merge cutting-edge technology with new findings in molecular science and virology to treat life-threatening health conditions, such as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease.

Finding emerging biotech companies can be an exciting and profitable endeavour, as many are just one government-approved product away from exploding in value. Of course, biotech stocks come with risks, too, such as never getting their flagship product through clinical testing or failing to get regulatory approval after such testing is complete.

Given the complexity of this market sector, the biotech space can be tough to understand. Below we’ll break down biotech stocks and help you decide if you should invest in them.

What are biotech stocks?

Biotech stocks are healthcare companies that make drugs and vaccines out of living organisms, such as enzymes and bacteria. Though similar in their pursuit for treatments, biotech stocks differ from pharmaceutical companies, which make drugs from chemical bases, not living ones.

Regulation of biotech companies

Because of regulations and government approval, biotech companies must undergo a rigorous, costly, and long process to put drugs on the market. In general, a company has to complete four stages before it can sell its products:

1. Research and discovery  

In the research and discovery phase, biotech companies identify diseases and begin laying the foundations for a new drug to treat it.

Companies in this stage often use intense amounts of capital to fund research, while often having no product or major source of revenue to replenish financial reserves. Of all the biotech companies, those in the research and discovery stage are the riskiest investments, as it’s not yet clear if the company will succeed or fail.

2. Preclinical testing

Once a company has developed a concept or theory, they move into the preclinical testing phase to prove that it works.

In the preclinical phase, companies will test drug candidates in test tubes (called in vitro) or on mice (in vivo). The purpose of this phase is to show regulators that the drug not only works but is safe to test on humans. Though companies in the preclinical testing phase are farther along than those in phase one, they can still present risks to investors, such as high volatility, insignificant sources of revenue, and the potential to fail.

3. Clinical testing

When a company shows regulators that their drug candidate is effective and safe, the product passes into clinical testing. During clinical testing, biotech companies will start experimenting on humans in three different phases:

• Phase 1 is a small study that determines how much of a new drug the body can tolerate. Subjects in this phase are usually healthy adults, not patients who have the health condition the drug is trying to treat.

• Phase 2 is a much larger study that involves patients who have the health condition. The purpose of phase 2 is to determine if the new drug reduces symptoms or produces side-effects in patients.  

• Phase 3 is another study on patients with the health condition. The point of this phase is to prove that the drug is both safe and successfully treats the patient’s health condition.

4. Regulatory approval

Once a biotech company has successfully completed phase 3 of its clinical testing, it must get regulatory approval to put its drug on the market. Passing from clinical testing to regulatory approval is a major step, as it means the biotech has a product to sell.  

Top Canadian biotech stocks 

In the last two decades, an exciting biotech market has emerged on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX). 

While most of these stocks are still small caps, many have the innovation and research to grow into larger businesses. If you’re interested in biotechnology stocks in Canada, here are three top companies you should consider.

1. Theratechnologies 

Headquartered in Montreal, Theratechnologies is a biotech company that develops innovative therapies for unmet medical needs in HIV, oncology, and NASH, a type of liver disease. 

The company’s superstar product is EGRIFTA. This injection medicine reduces a kind of fat called “visceral fat,” which is deeper and harder to remove than “subcutaneous fat,” the kind of fat that’s easier to burn through exercise and diet. Visceral fat often occurs in adults who live with HIV and lipodystrophy. If left untreated, it can exert uncomfortable or life-threatening pressure on internal organs. 

In addition to EGRIFTA, the company also sells the drug Trogarzo, which is a major treatment solution for drug-resistant HIV-1. The success of both EGRIFTA and Trogarzo helped push Theratechnologies’ revenues higher, though the company has a lot of growth ahead of it.  

In the third quarter of 2024, the company reported revenue of $22.6 million, an 8% increase year-over-year, and achieved a net income of $3.1 million, or $0.06 per share. The stock currently sits at $2.18. Analysts have set a 12-month average price target of $3.80 for Theratechnologies, indicating a strong potential upside.

2. BriaCell Therapeutics

BriaCell Therapeutics is a biotech company that develops primarily immunotherapies to help women fight breast cancer. Just this past December, Briacell completed a public offering, raising approximately $5.5 million to support its ongoing clinical programs.

An immunotherapy is a cancer treatment that enhances a patient’s immune system and helps them fight cancer cells through the body’s natural defense system. It’s considered a more effective treatment of certain types of cancer, as it teaches an immune system how to react to cancer cell, rather than removing them synthetically through chemotherapy.

The company is advancing its pivotal Phase 3 study of Bria-IMT™ in combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor for metastatic breast cancer, following a positive recommendation from the Data Safety Monitoring Board to continue the trial without modifications.

At the 2024 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium, BriaCell presented data demonstrating that treatment with Bria-IMT™ led to an increase in cancer-fighting CD8+ “killer” T cells in metastatic breast cancer patients, turning “cold” tumors “hot” and correlating with clinical responses. These developments highlight BriaCell’s progress in advancing its immunotherapy pipeline for cancer treatment.

3. Medicenna Therapeutics Corp. 

Medicenna Therapeutics is a clinical-stage immunotherapy company that is developing cancer treatments. 

In November 2024, the company shared positive results from its ongoing cancer treatment study, testing MDNA11, an advanced immune-boosting therapy. The treatment showed promising results, with 30% of patients responding positively. Some patients with hard-to-treat cancers, like pancreatic and colon cancer, even saw their tumors shrink. When combined with the immunotherapy drug KEYTRUDA®, MDNA11 was well tolerated, with no serious side effects at key dosage levels. These updates highlight Medicenna’s progress in developing new cancer treatments while keeping a stable financial position.

Investing in foreign biotech stocks 

While Canada’s biotech sector is growing, you’ll find some of the largest biotech companies trading on U.S. exchanges. For those interested in buying international stocks, here are just a few U.S. biotech stocks you might want to consider.  

Are biotech stocks right for you? 

Biotech stocks are great buy-and-hold investments for those seeking long-term future growth. They’re also ideal for scientifically minded investors, or those with a deep understanding of the biotech industry. Before you invest in them, however, you should be aware that these investments are often volatile and come with a unique set of risks. 

Perhaps the biggest risk is a failure in clinical testing. A biotech company may have an innovative idea or drug that can treat certain diseases. But if it can’t turn that solution into a safe and effective product, the company could find itself without a flagship drug and millions of dollars spent on research. Even if a company’s drug passes the clinical trial phase, it then has to meet regulations. Beyond that it has to sell and capture market share.  

The least risky biotech companies will already have successful drugs on the market, and they’ll likely be researching, developing, and testing new drugs. Many of the most promising companies in this sector will focus on treating more than one health condition, and they may even have various drugs for each disease. 

If you don’t want to pick your own biotech stocks, but you’d still like to benefit from this profitable industry, you could always buy shares in a biotech-focused exchange-traded fund (ETF).

Unfortunately, at this time, Canada doesn’t have a biotech ETF listed on its exchanges. If you’re okay with investing in the U.S. market, these ETFs are worth considering:

• BlackRock IShares Biotechnology ETF
• ARK Genomic Revolution ETF
• SPDR S&P Biotech ETF